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ffmpeg [2022/02/27 18:21] – [Editing] More concat stuff rjtffmpeg [2025/04/14 16:40] (current) – more info on 'copy' ... mb don't need to bang on so much ... rjt
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 ====== FFmpeg ====== ====== FFmpeg ======
 +
 +Super handy [[terminal_emulator|terminal]]-based tool for working with video.
  
 ===== Use ===== ===== Use =====
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 Most of the time I just use--- Most of the time I just use---
  
-<code>ffmpeg -i input.ext output.ext</code>+<code>ffmpeg -i [input.ext] [output.ext]</code>
  
 ---and it usually works fine leaving it to just use defaults. ---and it usually works fine leaving it to just use defaults.
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 This gives good results (and a smaller file size) converting MP3 to OGG though: This gives good results (and a smaller file size) converting MP3 to OGG though:
  
-<code>ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -c:a libvorbis -q:a 4 output.ogg</code>+<code>ffmpeg -i [input].mp3 -c:a libvorbis -q:a 4 [output].ogg</code> 
 + 
 +Fuck-off those .WEBMs. ''copy'' here copies those streams, so they're no reencoded, it's just changing the container: 
 + 
 +<code>ffmpeg -i [input].webm -acodec copy -vcodec copy [output].mkv</code> 
 + 
 +A more compact way is to use ''-c'', which will copy over all streams (there's also ''-c:a'' (audio) ''-c:v'' (video) ''-c:s'' (subtitles)…: 
 + 
 +<code>ffmpeg -i [input].webm -c copy [output].mkv</code> 
 + 
 +So if you wanted to copy the video stream and just reencode/change the audio, for example: 
 + 
 +<code>ffmpeg -i [input].[ext] -acodec aac -vcodec copy [output].[ext]</code>
  
 === Multiple === === Multiple ===
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 For doing a whole directory I use this one-liner I got from Stack Exchange. For doing a whole directory I use this one-liner I got from Stack Exchange.
  
-<code>for i in *.ext; do ffmpeg -i "$i" "${i%.*}.ext"; done</code>+<code>for i in *.[ext]; do ffmpeg -i "$i" "${i%.*}.[ext]"; done</code>
  
 For converting files for my [[m-u-s-u-c]] blog I also strip out the cover images: ''-map a'' tells it to take only the audio stream. For converting files for my [[m-u-s-u-c]] blog I also strip out the cover images: ''-map a'' tells it to take only the audio stream.
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 <code>for i in *.mp3; do ffmpeg -i "$i" -c:a libvorbis -q:a 4 -map a "${i%.*}.ogg"; done</code> <code>for i in *.mp3; do ffmpeg -i "$i" -c:a libvorbis -q:a 4 -map a "${i%.*}.ogg"; done</code>
  
-You can use the wildcard ''*'' in the file extension to, so if you've got a mix of .mkv and .mp4 files from Youtube you can do. say:+You can use the wildcard ''*'' in the file extension too, so if you've got a mix of .mkv and .mp4 files from Youtube you can do. say:
  
 <code>for i in *.m*; do ffmpeg -i "$i" "${i%.*}.ogv"; done</code> <code>for i in *.m*; do ffmpeg -i "$i" "${i%.*}.ogv"; done</code>
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 If you want to put the new videos into a subdirectory, first create it, then simply add it to the output part: If you want to put the new videos into a subdirectory, first create it, then simply add it to the output part:
  
-<code>for i in *.ext; do ffmpeg -i "$i" "directory/${i%.*}.ext"; done</code>+<code>for i in *.[ext]; do ffmpeg -i "$i" "directory/${i%.*}.[ext]"; done</code>
  
-For converting a directory of .FLAC files to .MP3. ''[-qscale:a 0|-b:a 320k]'' is your choice between VBR with the best quality (0) or a CBR of 320k. VBR is generally just as good, though sometimes you need CBR.+For converting a directory of .FLAC files to .MP3. ''[-q:a 0|-b:a 320k]'' is your choice between VBR with the best quality (0) or a CBR of 320k. VBR is generally just as good, though sometimes you need CBR. 
 + 
 +<code>for i in *.flac; do ffmpeg -i "$i" [-q:a 0|-b:a 320k] "${i%*}.mp3"; done</code>
  
-<code>for a in ./*.flac; do ffmpeg -i "$a" [-qscale:a 0|-b:a 320k] "${a[@]/%flac/mp3}"; done</code> 
 ==== Editing ==== ==== Editing ====
 === Concatenation === === Concatenation ===
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 <code>-filter:v "crop=ih/3*4:ih"</code> <code>-filter:v "crop=ih/3*4:ih"</code>
 +
 +Full example, with copied audio stream:
 +
 +<code>ffmpeg -i [file] -filter:v "crop=ih/3*4:ih" -c:a copy [file]</code>
  
 === Remove Audio === === Remove Audio ===
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   * If you leave out the ''-c copy'' it will re-encode the video   * If you leave out the ''-c copy'' it will re-encode the video
  
 +==== Images ====
 +=== Extract each frame as an image ===
 +<code>ffmpeg -i [file] frame%03d.png</code>
 +
 +=== Create video from images ===
 +<code>cat *.png | ffmpeg -framerate [framerate] -f image2pipe -i - [file]</code>
 +
 +== GIF ==
 +Default loops. Add ''-loop -1'' to only play once.
 +
 +<code>cat *.png | ffmpeg -framerate [framerate] -f image2pipe -i - [filename].gif</code>
 +
 +== APNG ==
 +Default doesn't loop. Add ''-plays 0'' to loop.
 +
 +<code>cat *.png | ffmpeg -framerate [framerate] -f image2pipe -i - -f apng [filename].png</code>
 ==== Lowering the file size ==== ==== Lowering the file size ====
 Slow, but compresses better: Slow, but compresses better:
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 Just had an .AVI file throwing error messages about a busted index. Copying the file seemed to fix it. Just had an .AVI file throwing error messages about a busted index. Copying the file seemed to fix it.
 <code>ffmpeg -i "inputfile.avi" -c:v copy -c:a copy "outputfile.avi"</code> <code>ffmpeg -i "inputfile.avi" -c:v copy -c:a copy "outputfile.avi"</code>
 +
 +===== Frontends =====
 +
 +  * [[https://ffmpeg.lav.io/|FFmpeg Explorer]] - Browser-based GUI with a node-based interface for changing parameters.
  
 ===== See Also ===== ===== See Also =====
   * [[https://www.ffmpeg.org/|www.ffmpeg.org]]   * [[https://www.ffmpeg.org/|www.ffmpeg.org]]
 +  * [[https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki|FFmpeg Bug Tracker and Wiki]]
 +  * [[gifsicle]] - Similar tool, specifically for working with [[gif|GIFs]]
  
 {{tag>CLI guide software tool video}} {{tag>CLI guide software tool video}}
ffmpeg.1645946470.txt.gz · Last modified: 2022/02/27 18:21 by rjt